Difference between revisions of "Constant loop based at a point"

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(Created page with "{{Stub page|grade=A|msg=Check over, link to other pages (and add links to this page) then demote or remove this}} __TOC__ ==Definition== Let {{Top.|X|J}} be a topological sp...")
 
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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
 
==Definition==
 
==Definition==
Let {{Top.|X|J}} be a [[topological space]], and let {{M|b\in X}} be given ("the point" in the title). There is a "special" {{link|loop|topology}} called "''the constant loop based at {{M|b}}''", say {{M|\ell:I\rightarrow X}}<ref group="Note">Where {{M|1=I:=[0,1]\subset\mathbb{R} }} (the [[unit interval]]</ref> such that:
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Let {{Top.|X|J}} be a [[topological space]], and let {{M|b\in X}} be given ("the point" in the title). There is a "special" {{link|loop|topology}} called "''the constant loop based at {{M|b}}''", say {{M|\ell:I\rightarrow X}}<ref group="Note">Where {{M|1=I:=[0,1]\subset\mathbb{R} }} (the [[unit interval]])</ref> such that:
 
* {{M|1=\ell:t\mapsto b}}.  
 
* {{M|1=\ell:t\mapsto b}}.  
 
** Yes, a [[constant map]]: {{M|1=\forall t\in I[\ell(t)=b]}}.  
 
** Yes, a [[constant map]]: {{M|1=\forall t\in I[\ell(t)=b]}}.  
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Other names include:
 
Other names include:
 
# [[Trivial loop]]
 
# [[Trivial loop]]
# [[Trivial loop at a point]]
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# [[Trivial loop based at a point]]
 
# [[Trivial loop based at]] {{M|b\in x}}
 
# [[Trivial loop based at]] {{M|b\in x}}
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==Proof of claims==
 
==Proof of claims==
 
Writing {{M|1=b(0)=b}} is very confusing, so here we denote by {{M|\ell}} the constant loop based at {{M|b\in X}}.
 
Writing {{M|1=b(0)=b}} is very confusing, so here we denote by {{M|\ell}} the constant loop based at {{M|b\in X}}.

Latest revision as of 21:03, 1 November 2016

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Definition

Let [ilmath](X,\mathcal{ J })[/ilmath] be a topological space, and let [ilmath]b\in X[/ilmath] be given ("the point" in the title). There is a "special" loop called "the constant loop based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath]", say [ilmath]\ell:I\rightarrow X[/ilmath][Note 1] such that:

  • [ilmath]\ell:t\mapsto b[/ilmath].
    • Yes, a constant map: [ilmath]\forall t\in I[\ell(t)=b][/ilmath].
    • Claim 1: this is a loop based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath]

It is customary (and a convention we almost always use) to write a constant loop based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath] as simply: [ilmath]b[/ilmath].

This is really a special case of a constant map.

Terminology and synonyms

Terminology

We use [ilmath]b:I\rightarrow X[/ilmath] (or just "let [ilmath]b[/ilmath] denote the constant loop based at [ilmath]b\in X[/ilmath]") for a few reasons:

  1. Loop concatenation of [ilmath]\ell_1:I\rightarrow X[/ilmath] and [ilmath]b[/ilmath] (where [ilmath]\ell_1[/ilmath] is based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath]) can be written as:
    • [ilmath]\ell_1*b[/ilmath]
  2. In the context of path homotopy classes, we will write things like [ilmath][\ell_1][b]=[\ell_1*b]=[\ell_1][/ilmath], this is where the notation really becomes useful and plays very nicely with Greek or not-standard letters (like [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] rather than [ilmath]l[/ilmath]) for non-constant loops.

(See: The fundamental group for details)

Synonyms

Other names include:

  1. Trivial loop
  2. Trivial loop based at a point
  3. Trivial loop based at [ilmath]b\in x[/ilmath]

Proof of claims

Writing [ilmath]b(0)=b[/ilmath] is very confusing, so here we denote by [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] the constant loop based at [ilmath]b\in X[/ilmath].

Claim 1: [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] is a loop based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath]

There are two parts to prove:

  1. [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] is continuous, and
  2. [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] is based at [ilmath]b[/ilmath]

We consider [ilmath]I[/ilmath] with the topology it inherits from the usual topology of the reals. That is the topology induced by the absolute value as a metric.

Proof

  1. Continuity of [ilmath]\ell:I\rightarrow X[/ilmath].
    • Let [ilmath]U\in\mathcal{J} [/ilmath] be given (so [ilmath]U[/ilmath] is an open set in [ilmath](X,\mathcal{ J })[/ilmath])
      • If [ilmath]b\in U[/ilmath] then [ilmath]\ell^{-1}(U)=I[/ilmath] which is open in [ilmath]I[/ilmath]
      • If [ilmath]b\notin U[/ilmath] then [ilmath]\ell^{-1}(U)=\emptyset[/ilmath] which is also open in [ilmath]I[/ilmath].
  2. That [ilmath]\ell[/ilmath] is a loop based at [ilmath]b\in X[/ilmath]:
    • As [ilmath]\forall t\in I[\ell(t)=b][/ilmath] we see in particular that:
      1. [ilmath]\ell(0)=b[/ilmath] and
      2. [ilmath]\ell(1)=b[/ilmath]

See also

Notes

  1. Where [ilmath]I:=[0,1]\subset\mathbb{R}[/ilmath] (the unit interval)

References

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