Difference between revisions of "Metric space"

Revision as of 22:26, 11 July 2015

A normed space is a special case of a metric space, to see the relationships between metric spaces and others see: Subtypes of topological spaces

Definition of a metric space

A metric space is a set $$X$$ coupled with a "distance function"^[1]:

• $$d:X\times X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$$ or sometimes
• $$d:X\times X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+$$ ^[2]

With the properties that for $$x,y,z\in X$$ :

1. $$d(x,y)\ge 0$$
2. $$d(x,y)=0\iff x=y$$
3. $$d(x,y)=d(y,x)$$ - Symmetry
4. $$d(x,z)\le d(x,y)+d(y,z)$$ - the Triangle inequality

We will denote a metric space as $$(X,d)$$ (as $$(X,d:X\times X\rightarrow\mathbb{R})$$ is too long and Mathematicians are lazy) or simply $$X$$ if it is obvious which metric we are talking about on $$X$$

Examples of metrics

Euclidian Metric

The Euclidian metric on $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ is defined as follows: For $$x=(x_1,...,x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n$$ and $$y=(y_1,...,y_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n$$ we define the Euclidian metric by:

$$d_{\text{Euclidian}}(x,y)=\sqrt{\sum^n_{i=1}((x_i-y_i)^2)}$$

Discreet Metric

This is a useless metric, but is a metric and induces the Discreet Topology on X, where the topology is the powerset of $$X$$ , $$\mathcal{P}(X)$$ .

It is given by:

• $$d_{\text{discreet}}(x,y)=\left\{\begin{array}{lr} 0 & x=y\\ 1 & \text{otherwise} \end{array}\right.$$

Note: it is sometimes called the trivial metric^[3]

See also

• Topological space

References

1. Jump up ↑ Introduction to Topology - Bert Mendelson
2. Jump up ↑ Analysis - Part 1: Elements - Krzysztof Maurin
3. Jump up ↑ Functional Analysis - George Bachman and Lawrence Narici