# Notes:Poisson and Gamma distribution

These are PRELIMINARY NOTES: I got somewhere and don't want to lose the work on paper.

## Contents


## Initial notes

Here we will use [ilmath]X\sim[/ilmath][ilmath]\text{Poi} [/ilmath]$(\lambda)$ for [ilmath]\lambda\in\mathbb{R}_{>0} [/ilmath] as "events per unit time" for simplicity of conceptualising what's going on, in practice it wont matter what continuous unit is used.

We use the following:

• Let [ilmath]k\in\mathbb{N}_{\ge 1} [/ilmath], we are interested in the distribution of the time until [ilmath]k[/ilmath] events have accumulated.
• Let [ilmath]T[/ilmath] be the time until [ilmath]k[/ilmath] accumulations, so:
• [ilmath]F(t):\eq\P{T\le t} \eq 1-\P{T>t} [/ilmath][Note 1] and we can use [ilmath]\P{T>t} [/ilmath] to be "fewer events than [ilmath]k[/ilmath] occurred for the range of time [ilmath][0,t][/ilmath]" or to be more formal / specific:
• [ilmath]\P{T>t}\eq\P{\text{the number of events that occurred for the range of time }[0,t]<k} [/ilmath]
[ilmath]\eq\P{\text{the number of events that occurred for the range of time }[0,t]\le k-1} [/ilmath]

Lastly,

• If [ilmath]\lambda[/ilmath] is the rate of events per unit time, then for [ilmath]t[/ilmath] units of time [ilmath]t\lambda[/ilmath] is the rate of events per [ilmath]t[/ilmath]-units of time, so we define:
• [ilmath]X_t\sim\text{Poi}(t\lambda) [/ilmath]
• And we observe:
• [ilmath]\P{\text{the number of events that occurred for the range of time }[0,t]\le k-1} [/ilmath]
[ilmath]\eq \P{X_t\le k-1} [/ilmath]

We have now discovered:

• [ilmath]F(t)\eq\P{T\le t}\eq 1-\P{X_t\le k-1} [/ilmath], for [ilmath]k\in\mathbb{N}_{\ge 1} [/ilmath] remember

## Evaluation


• Let's start with [ilmath]\P{T\le t} \eq 1-\P{X_t\le k-1} [/ilmath]
• [ilmath]\P{T\le t} [/ilmath]
$\eq 1-\left(\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 0}\P{X_t\eq i}\right)$ - notice the sum starts at [ilmath]i\eq 0[/ilmath], as [ilmath]k\ge 1[/ilmath] we must at least have one term, the [ilmath](i\eq 0)^\text{th} [/ilmath] one.
$\eq 1-\left(\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 0}e^{-t\lambda}\frac{(t\lambda)^i}{i!}\right)$
$\eq 1-e^{-t\lambda}-e^{-t\lambda}\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 1}\frac{(t\lambda)^i}{i!}$ - note the sum now may be zero if [ilmath]k\eq 1[/ilmath] otherwise it will have terms.
• However we will write it as:
• $\P{T\le t}\eq 1-e^{-\lambda t}+\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 1}\frac{-\lambda^i}{i!}\big(t^i\cdot e^{-\lambda t}\big)$ which will help greatly with the next step
• We now must differentiate this to find the pdf, $f(t)\eq F'(t)\eq \frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} t}\Big[F(t)\Big]\Big\vert_{t}$
• $f(t)\eq 0-\ddt{e^{-\lambda t} }+\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 1}\frac{-\lambda^i}{i!}\left(\ddt{t^i\cdot e^{-\lambda t} }\right)$
• Let us look at the components
• First, [ilmath]\ddt{e^{-\lambda t} } \eq -\lambda e^{-\lambda t} [/ilmath] by
TODO: link thing here that talks about differentiation of e raised to a power of a function of the variable
- involves chain rule
• Next we apply the product rule to [ilmath]\ddt{t^i\cdot e^{-\lambda t} } [/ilmath]
[ilmath]\eq t^i\ddt{e^{-\lambda t} }+e^{-\lambda t}\ddt{t^i} [/ilmath]
[ilmath]\eq -\lambda t^i e^{-\lambda t}+ie^{-\lambda t}t^{i-1} [/ilmath] - this uses the first result
[ilmath]\eq e^{-\lambda t}\big(it^{i-1}-\lambda t^i\big)[/ilmath]
• thus: [ilmath]f(t)[/ilmath]
$\eq \lambda e^{-\lambda t}+\sum^{k-1}_{i\eq 1}\frac{-\lambda^i}{i!}e^{-\lambda t}(it^{i-1}-\lambda t^i)$

## Notes

1. Standard cdf stuff