# Monotonicity of the integral of non-negative extended-real-valued measurable functions with respect to a measure

Jump to: navigation, search
Stub grade: A*
This page is a stub
This page is a stub, so it contains little or minimal information and is on a to-do list for being expanded.The message provided is:
Stub, needs review, linking to from other pages, a bit of a measure-theory shuffle

## Statement

Let [ilmath](X,\mathcal{A},\mu)[/ilmath] be a measure space and let [ilmath]f,g\in[/ilmath][ilmath]\mathcal{M}_{\bar{\mathbb{R} }_{\ge 0} }(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath][Note 1], then[1]:

• if [ilmath]f\le g[/ilmath] - i.e.: [ilmath]\forall x\in X[f(x)\le g(x)][/ilmath] - then:
• [ilmath]\int f\ \mathrm{d}\mu\le\int g\ \mathrm{d}\mu[/ilmath]

## Proof

Recall the definition of the integral of a non-negative numerical functionAuthor's note:[Note 2]:

• $\int f\ \mathrm{d}\mu:\eq\text{Sup}\left(\left\{I_\mu(s)\in[0,+\infty]\subseteq\bar{\mathbb{R} }\ \Big\vert\ s\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})\wedge s\le f\right\} \right)$, where:
• [ilmath]s\le f[/ilmath] is an abuse of notation for [ilmath]\forall x\in X[s(x)\le f(x)][/ilmath] and
• [ilmath]s\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath] means [ilmath]s\in[/ilmath][[Set of all simple functions over a set|[ilmath]\mathcal{E}(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath] and [ilmath]\forall x\in X[s(x)\ge 0][/ilmath]
• Let [ilmath]f,g\in\mathcal{M}_{\bar{\mathbb{R} }_{\ge 0} }(\mathcal{A}) [/ilmath] be given and suppose [ilmath]f\le g[/ilmath]
• Define [ilmath]A:\eq\left\{r\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})\ \Big\vert\ r\le f\right\} [/ilmath]
• Define [ilmath]B:\eq\left\{s\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})\ \Big\vert\ s\le g\right\} [/ilmath]
• Lemma: we claim that [ilmath]A\subseteq B[/ilmath], using the implies-subset relation we see [ilmath]\big(A\subseteq B\big)\iff\big(\forall a\in A[a\in B]\big)[/ilmath]
• Let [ilmath]a\in A[/ilmath] be given, notice that by definition [ilmath]A\subseteq\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath], so [ilmath]a\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A}) [/ilmath]
• Then [ilmath]a\le f[/ilmath], or [ilmath]\forall x\in X[a(x)\le f(x)][/ilmath]
• But [ilmath]f\le g[/ilmath] by hypothesis, i.e. [ilmath]\forall x\in X[f(x)\le g(x)][/ilmath], so we see [ilmath]\forall x\in X[a(x)\le g(x)][/ilmath] of [ilmath]a\le g[/ilmath]
• We see that both:
1. [ilmath]a\in\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath] - of which all elements of [ilmath]B[/ilmath] are too
2. [ilmath]a\le g[/ilmath] - the definition of a member of [ilmath]\mathcal{E}_{\ge 0}(\mathcal{A})[/ilmath] to be in [ilmath]B[/ilmath]
• So [ilmath]a\in B[/ilmath]
• Since [ilmath]a\in A[/ilmath] was arbitrary we have shown this for all [ilmath]a\in A[/ilmath] - as required to prove the lemma
• Define [ilmath]C:\eq\{I_\mu(r)\in[0,+\infty]\subseteq\bar{\mathbb{R} }\ \big\vert\ r\in A\} [/ilmath] and
• Define [ilmath]D:\eq\{I_\mu(s)\in[0,+\infty]\subseteq\bar{\mathbb{R} }\ \big\vert\ s\in B\} [/ilmath]
Grade: C
This page requires one or more proofs to be filled in, it is on a to-do list for being expanded with them.
Please note that this does not mean the content is unreliable. Unless there are any caveats mentioned below the statement comes from a reliable source. As always, Warnings and limitations will be clearly shown and possibly highlighted if very important (see template:Caution et al).
The message provided is:
The gist is all here, but it should link to the simple functions, their integral, the monotonicity of supremum, so forth. It's not quite finished basically. Alec (talk) 19:41, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

## Notes

1. functions which map to the extended real values are sometimes called numerical functions
2. Right now this is at integral of a positive function (measure theory), this is technically incorrect, but the information can be found here.