List of topological properties

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Needs linking in to places. Because density is SPRAWLED all over the place right now

Index

Here [ilmath](X,\mathcal{J})[/ilmath] is a topological space or [ilmath](X,d)[/ilmath] is a metric space in the definitions.

Property Topological version Metric spaces version Comments
Dense set For [ilmath]A\in\mathcal{P}(X)[/ilmath] we say [ilmath]A[/ilmath] is dense in [ilmath]X[/ilmath] if:
  • [ilmath]\forall U\in\mathcal{J}[U\cap A\neq\emptyset][/ilmath][1][Note 1]
For [ilmath]A\in\mathcal{P}(X)[/ilmath] we say [ilmath]A[/ilmath] is dense in [ilmath]X[/ilmath] if:
  • [ilmath]\forall x\in X\forall\epsilon>0[B_\epsilon(x)\cap A\neq\emptyset][/ilmath][1]

Caveat:This is given as equiv to density by[1] - also obviously follows from it!

See also:
Equivalent statements
The following are equivalent to the definition above.
  1. [ilmath]\text{Closure}(A)[/ilmath][ilmath]\eq X[/ilmath][1]
  2. [ilmath]X-A[/ilmath] contains no (non-empty) open subsets of [ilmath]X[/ilmath][1]
    • Symbolically: [ilmath]\forall U\in\mathcal{J}[U\nsubseteq X-A][/ilmath], which we can easily manipulate to get: [ilmath]\forall U\in\mathcal{J}\exists p\in U[p\notin X-M][/ilmath]
  3. [ilmath]X-A[/ilmath] has no interior points[1] (see below)
    • Symbolically....
      TODO: Can't be bothered right now, include later
Interior point For a set [ilmath]A\in\mathcal{P}(X)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]a\in A[/ilmath], [ilmath]a[/ilmath] is an interior point of [ilmath]A[/ilmath] if:
  • [ilmath]\exists U\in\mathcal{J}[a\in U\wedge U\subseteq A][/ilmath][1]
For a set [ilmath]A\in\mathcal{P}(X)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]a\in A[/ilmath], [ilmath]a[/ilmath] is an interior point of [ilmath]A[/ilmath] if:
  • [ilmath]\exists\epsilon>0[B_\epsilon(a)\subseteq A][/ilmath][1]

Caveat:Basically follows from topological definition, these are closely related

Notes

  1. There are a few simple equivalent conditions, any of these may be the definition given in a book, although [ilmath]\text{Closure}(A)[/ilmath][ilmath]\eq X[/ilmath] is quite common

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Functional Analysis - Volume 1: A gentle introduction - Dzung Minh Ha